• It has been recognized for decades that neurons in the

  2023-08-21

  

  It has been recognized for decades that neurons in the mammalian central nervous system may release both a fast-acting, typically amino acid derived neurotransmitter such as glutamate or GABA, and a second peptidergic neuromodulatory molecule such as neuropeptide Y, substance P, or cholecystokinin.

• Several mechanisms have been suggested to account for the

  2023-08-21

  

  Several mechanisms have been suggested to account for the causal association of ICAM-1 induction and leukocyte adhesion with DR, including oxidative stress [16], NF-κB [17], PKC [18], and bioactive lipids [19]. Our previous studies highlighted the role of bioactive lipid metabolites derived from 12/

• ATM is generally regarded to be the principal mediator of

  2023-08-21

  

  ATM is generally regarded to be the principal mediator of the G1 Clozapine mg checkpoint, whereas the induction of the intra-S-phase and G2/M checkpoints are usually primarily related to ATR function. However, several studies have demonstrated that, depending on the cellular context and type of DNA

• Limitations of this study include the use of HL cardiomyocyt

  2023-08-21

  

  Limitations of this study include the use of HL-1 cardiomyocytes, which show different characteristics than primary cardiomyocytes [56]. Furthermore, sustained TAC in Ampkα1-deficient mice did not favorably influence cardiac function [33]. It must be kept in mind that global Ampkα1-deficiency may af

• br Experimental EPR spectra of probes a

  2023-08-21

  

  Experimental EPR spectra of probes 1a–f were recorded on a Bruker EMX-1572 operating at X-band (9.0–9.9 GHz), at 21 ± 1 °C. The EPR parameters were the same in all experiments: microwave power, 1 mW; modulation amplitude, 5 G; time constant, 10.24 ms; and conversion time, 40.96 ms. Reduced gluta

• br Summary and future br Introduction Androgen

  2023-08-21

  

  Summary and future Introduction Androgen activity is critical for a wide range of developmental and physiological responses and is especially important in male sexual differentiation and maturation. The biological activity of androgens occurs through binding to the androgen receptor (AR) and t

• br Experimental section br Introduction NMDA receptor induce

  2023-08-21

  

  Experimental section Introduction NMDA receptor-induced increases in AMPAR trafficking to the synaptic surface mediates changes in synaptic efficacy in a number of DZNep synthesis regions (Shi et al., 1999, Sun et al., 2005, Frenkel et al., 2006). While this process has been linked to the reg

• The rapidity of this specific immunosuppressive therapy sugg

  2023-08-18

  

  The rapidity of this specific immunosuppressive therapy suggests that it inhibits or apoptoses plasma cells. Most serum autoantibodies to AChR are produced by long-lived plasma cells residing in spleen and bone marrow. These terminally differentiated cells are resistant to most non-specific immunosu

• br Conflict of interest br Introduction Ovarian cancer

  2023-08-18

  

  Conflict of interest Introduction Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, and ranks as the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women. The American Cancer Society estimates that about 22,280 new ovarian cancer cases and 14,240 deaths will occur in the United States in

• am580 br Conflict of interest statement br Funding br Acknow

  2023-08-18

  

  Conflict of interest statement Funding Acknowledgments We thank the team at Medical and Collider-Accelerator Departments at BNL and for their support at NSRL. We thank Dr. Janice Pluth and Professor Peter O’Neill for useful discussions related to our work. Introduction The DNA damage re

• br ASK in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis

  2023-08-18

  

  ASK1 in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), is the most common neurological disease among young adults in the United States and Europe (Dutta and Trapp, 2011). Although MS primarily affect

• The association of male gender

  2023-08-17

  

  The association of male gender with increased atherosclerosis has stimulated interest in the role of androgen signalling in this condition. Androgens act (Fig. 2) by direct activation of androgen receptor (AR), a nuclear receptor that acts as a ligand-regulated transcription factor (Gao et al., 2005

• The specific mechanisms underlying glutamine dependency are

  2023-08-17

  

  The specific mechanisms underlying glutamine dependency are still being explored, and current research indicates that the mechanisms likely vary between breast cancer subtypes. In HER2-positive breast cancer, increased levels of the transcriptional activator PGC-1α lead to expression of genes that m

• Imaging QTL studies may have

  2023-08-17

  

  Imaging QTL studies may have several potential advantages over case-control studies, including increased power . Imaging endophenotypes of disease in QTL studies can separate patients and normal subjects more accurately and therefore limit the confound of including asymptomatic subjects in the contr

• br Results and discussion The classical

  2023-08-17

  

  Results and discussion The classical radiochemical adenosine kinase assays developed to monitor AdK activity utilize [3H]adenosine or [14C]adenosine, respectively. The assays are terminated by spotting the incubation mixture onto diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) anion exchange filter disks or onto a poly

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