• In addition to vertebrate species GnRH has been

  2022-05-07

  

  In addition to vertebrate species, GnRH has been identified in invertebrates, such as in the Protochordate Ciona intestinalis (Powell et al., 1996; Adams et al., 2003), the decapods mollusk Octopus vulgaris (Iwakoshi et al., 2002), the gastropod mollusk, the sea hare Aplysia californica (Zhang et al

• AFB Fapy dG has been long recognized as

  2022-05-07

  

  AFB1-Fapy-dG has been long recognized as a substrate for nucleotide excision repair [24,25]. However, we recently demonstrated that this lesion is removed by bungarotoxin excision repair. We showed that DNA glycosylase NEIL1, a member of the Fpg/Nei glycosylase family, could excise AFB1-Fapy-dG fro

• Heparin and suramin are highly negatively

  2022-05-07

  

  Heparin and suramin are highly negatively charged molecules, and they are in this aspect, similar to DNA and likely to compete with DNA by binding to the protein cationic groups [17] (Fig. 1). The inhibitory effect of heparin and suramin on DNA and RNA binding proteins has been described [[18], [19]

• br Materials animals and methods br Results

  2022-05-07

  

  Materials, animals and methods Results Discussion This study presents mice with a missense point mutation in R258 of FFAR1 that has functional consequences. Firstly, in islets of Ffar1R258W/R258W mice, both the physiological agonist palmitate and the synthetic agonist TUG-469 were unable to

• br GluR A knockout mice Genetically modified

  2022-05-07

  

  GluR-A knockout mice Genetically modified, adult mice lacking the GluR-A AMPA receptor subunit exhibit fast synaptic transmission in the hippocampus, mediated by the receptors formed from the remaining AMPA receptor subunits GluR-B and GluR-C (Sommer et al., 1991), but are deficient in a rapidly

• In the GLUT family glucose transporter

  2022-05-07

  

  In the GLUT family, glucose transporter 1(GLUT1) is primarily responsible for basal glucose uptake and maintenance of glucose basal metabolism in cells (Olson and Pessin, 1996). High GLUT1 expression occurred in various types of human cancers, like brain tumor, lung cancer and esophageal cancer (Nis

• br Experimental section br Introduction Fasting

  2022-05-07

  

  Experimental section Introduction Fasting hyperglycaemia in all forms of diabetes mellitus occurs primarily as a result of upsurge in hepatic glucose synthesis (HGS) [1], [2]. Two specific enzymes, glucokinase (GK) and glucose-6 phosphatase (Glu-6-Pase) play crucial role in hepatic glucose pro

• Whether or not SMO and SMO dependent

  2022-05-07

  

  Whether or not SMO and SMO-dependent HH signaling play a role in hematopoiesis is a subject of strong controversy. Obviously, the effects of SMO deletion are highly contextual and dependent on the timing of deletion. transplanted murine Smo−/− fetal liver 1423 into sublethally irradiated mice and

• Here we examined whether complete

  2022-05-07

  

  Here, we examined whether complete ablation of GIP production could reduce weight gain in the absence of the adipocyte hormone leptin, a condition that results in extreme hyperphagia, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance, in both mice [24] and humans [25]. We found that Lepob/ob mice be

• The regulation of gap junction connexin mediated activities

  2022-05-07

  

  The regulation of gap junction-connexin-mediated activities may be achieved through action on the channel gating properties (membrane voltage, pH, interaction with junctional and cytoskeletal proteins, Ca2+ and K+ concentrations, etc) or on the trafficking, turnover and localization of connexins. Sh

• In summary the SAR of a series of phenylpropanoic

  2022-05-07

  

  In summary, the SAR of a series of phenylpropanoic acid-free fatty Eplerenone receptor agonists is described which resulted in the identification of potent FFA4 agonists. The superior pharmacokinetic properties of compound led to its selection as an in vivo tool compound which afforded robust effi

• In recent years it was discovered

  2022-05-07

  

  In recent years, it was discovered in animals that certain types of non-apoptotic cell death are strictly dependent on iron and ROS. The term ‘ferroptosis’, derived from the Greek word ‘ptosis’ (falling) and the Latin word ‘ferrum’ (iron), is coined to describe such cell death phenomena. Cytoplasmic

• Focal adhesion kinase FAK is a non receptor type tyrosine

  2022-05-07

  

  Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor type tyrosine kinase that can further cooperatively interact with receptor tyrosine kinase signaling to regulate adhesion, migration, survival, proliferation, polarization, and differentiation [12]. Following activation, phosphorylated extracellular regu

• The second class of proteins necessary

  2022-05-06

  

  The second class of proteins necessary for maintaining chem 17 mg dynamics is chromatin modifiers, which are considered ‘writers’ and ‘erasers’ and are responsible for modifications of histone N-terminal tails. These post-translational modifications can have direct or indirect effects on chromatin s

• Despite the similarities there are some

  2022-05-06

  

  Despite the similarities, there are some differences between the augmentation by hypoxia and that by thymoquinone. While in porcine coronary arteries they both depend on calcium sensitization mediated by ROCK12, 32, 33, L-type calcium channels are involved only in thymoquinone-induced augmentation.

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