• Myelination by oligodendrocytes is required for saltatory ne

  2022-03-14

  

  Myelination by oligodendrocytes is required for saltatory nerve impulse conduction and proper CNS function (Bercury and Macklin, 2015). Defects in myelination and remyelination impair saltatory nerve conduction and functional connectivity leading to cognitive, behavioral, and motor deficits in neuro

• This crosstalk may be responsible for the beneficial effects

  2022-03-14

  

  This crosstalk may be responsible for the beneficial effects of histamine H2 receptor inverse agonists on cholecystokinin receptor pathologies and may also explain unwanted effects of these drugs on other tissues. In this way, Allen et al. reported an anaphylactoid reaction following cessation of h

• Cell cell junction proteins were

  2022-03-14

  

  Cell-cell junction proteins were the first upstream modules to be characterized as contact sensors through the Hippo pathway. These junctions may be divided in 2 categories: adherens and epithelial polarity junctions. The establishment of intercellular contacts involves the cadherin proteins present

• Another important outcome of reducing hypothalamic HIF in DI

  2022-03-14

  

  Another important outcome of reducing hypothalamic HIF in DIO was the increase in gliosis and hypothalamic inflammation. Both experimental and human studies have shown that hypothalamic inflammation plays an important role in obesity by inducing resistance to anorexigenic signals, such as insulin an

• Most studies of HIF have focused

  2022-03-14

  

  Most studies of HIF-1α have focused on its transcriptional activity-dependent functions. However, our results indicate that the oxidative stress-related effects of mtHIF-1α occur independently of its translocation to the nucleus and do not require its transcriptional activity. In fact, several studi

• The rationale for developing HDACi as anticancer agents was

  2022-03-14

  

  The rationale for developing HDACi as anticancer agents was based on their ability to induce the hyperacetylation of histones and nonhistone proteins, resulting in increased differentiation, apoptosis, and 77 arrest of cancer cells 1, 2, 3. HDACi have been used in the treatment of hematological mal

• A more quantitative view of kinase specificity suggests a

  2022-03-14

  

  A more quantitative view of kinase specificity suggests a continuum of phosphorylation rates for the various substrates of a particular kinase (Figure 4A). Such differences in ‘substrate quality’ can arise from variations in phosphorylation site or docking sequences and may explain why the timing or

• Thyroid hormone triiodothyronine T and

  2022-03-12

  

  Thyroid hormone 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) and its precursor, thyroxine (T4), are iodinated compounds, which are known to regulate the expression of genes involved in various biological processes, such as development, growth and metabolic control. The iodothyronine deiodinase types I, II and III (

• br Conclusion br Experimental procedures br Introduction The

  2022-03-12

  

  Conclusion Experimental procedures Introduction The glycine receptor (GlyR) is a member of the Cys-loop family of ligand-gated ion channels. It is the primary inhibitory receptor in the brainstem and spinal cord but also plays important roles in higher ML133 HCl australia regions, includin

• Na K ATPase adenosine triphosphate ATP and astrocytic glutam

  2022-03-12

  

  Na+/K+-ATPase, Zaragozic Acid A and astrocytic glutamate transporters act together to maintain sodium and potassium gradients and the proper activities of EAAT1 and EAAT2 (Rose et al., 2009; Sheean et al., 2013); nevertheless, in present study, Na+/K+-ATPase activity was shown to be increased as fr

• br Genetic rescue of GluR A dependent spatial working

  2022-03-12

  

  Genetic rescue of GluR-A-dependent spatial working memory Spatial working memory performance in GluR-A−/− mice can be restored by the forebrain-specific Z-WEHD-FMK of GluR-A subunits labeled with green-fluorescent protein (GFP) on an otherwise GluR-A knockout background (Schmitt et al., 2005). T

• idasanutlin br Genetic manipulation variation of the ghrelin

  2022-03-12

  

  Genetic manipulation/variation of the ghrelin system and alcohol-related outcomes Genetic manipulation of the ghrelin system (either the peptide or the receptor gene) via knockout rodent models has provided further insight into the role of this system in alcohol seeking and consummatory behaviors

• The observed CORT induced increase in Cx

  2022-03-12

  

  The observed CORT-induced increase in Cx43 phosphorylation at S368 may also contribute to GJIC disruption. Gap junction channel permeability is modulated through connexin phosphorylation (Moreno and Lau, 2007). Specifically, the phosphorylation of Cx43 on S368 has been previously shown to decrease i

• The significance of A and tau

  2022-03-12

  

  The significance of Aβ and tau as therapeutic targets is not only derived from pathological evidence of postmortem brain but also from biochemical analysis of cultured human neurons. This is largely based on the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology that has been established to study Aβ, t

• Encouraged by the observation obtained from region A

  2022-03-12

  

  Encouraged by the observation obtained from region A, we selected the structure of 1 as the next template to successively pursue the SAR on regions B-D of 1 (lower side of Fig. 2). Next, we turned attention to the external aromatic ring of 1 to verify the impact on the antagonistic activity and prep

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